Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying,
foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure.[1] The pilot sits in a harness suspended below a fabric wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic forces of the air flowing over the outside.
Despite not using an engine, paragliderflights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to two hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height,
often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
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Land-based practice: Kiting
About that time, David Barish was
developing the "sail wing" (single-surface wing) for recovery of NASA
space capsules – "slope soaring was a way of testing out ... the Sail
Wing."[5] After tests on Hunter Mountain, New York, in September 1965, he
went on to promote slope soaring as a summer activity for ski resorts.[6][7]
Author Walter Neumark wrote Operating
Procedures for Ascending Parachutes, and in 1973 he and a group of enthusiasts
with a passion for tow-launching PCs and ram-air parachutes broke away from the
British Parachute Association to form the British Association of Parascending Clubs
(which later became the British Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association). In
1997, Neumark was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club of the UK.
Authors Patrick Gilligan (Canada) and Bertrand Dubuis (Switzerland) wrote the
first flight manual, The Paragliding Manual in 1985, coining the word
paragliding.
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Launching
Paraglider towed launch, Mirosławice,
Poland
A paraglider landing at Azheekkod beach,
India
As with all aircraft, launching and landing
are done into wind. The wing is placed into an airstream, either by running or
being pulled, or an existing wind. The wing moves up over the pilot into a
position in which it can carry the passenger. The pilot is then lifted from the
ground and, after a safety period, can sit down into his harness. Unlike
skydivers, paragliders, like hang gliders, do not "jump" at any time
during this process. There are two launching techniques used on higher
ground[20] and one assisted launch technique used in flatland areas:
The next step in the launch is to bring the
wing into the lift zone. There are two techniques for accomplishing this
depending on wind conditions. In light wind this is usually done after turning
to the front, steering with the feet towards the low wing tip, and applying
light brakes in a natural sense to keep the wing horizontal. In stronger wind
conditions it is often found to be easier to remain facing downwind while
moving slowly and steadily backwards into the wind.
Knees bent to load the wing, foot
adjustments to remain central and minimum use of Cs or Brakes to keep the wing
horizontal. Pirouette when the feet are close to lifting. This option has two
distinct advantages. a) The pilot can see the wing centre marker (an aid to
centring the feet) and, if necessary, b) the pilot can move briskly towards the
wing to assist with an emergency deflation.
With either method it is essential to check
"traffic" across the launch face before committing to flight.
Radio
Radio communications are used in training,
to communicate with other pilots, and to report where and when they intend to
land. These radios normally operate on a range of frequencies in different
countries—some authorised,[18][19] some illegal but tolerated locally. Some
local authorities (e.g., flight clubs) offer periodic automated weather updates
on these frequencies. In rare cases, pilots use radios to talk to airport
control towers or air traffic controllers. Many pilots carry a cell phone so
they can call for pickup should they land away from their intended point of
destination.
GPS
GPS (global positioning system) is a
necessary accessory when flying competitions, where it has to be demonstrated
that way-points have been correctly passed. The recorded GPS track of a flight
can be used to analyze flying technique or can be shared with other pilots. GPS
is also used to determine drift due to the prevailing wind when flying at
altitude, providing position information to allow restricted airspace to be
avoided and identifying one's location for retrieval teams after landing out in
unfamiliar territory. 无锡自动滑翔伞需要多少钱
南京口碑好滑翔伞好货源好价格
飞行中的机翼放气(崩溃)
由于机翼(机翼)的形状是由进入机翼并使之膨胀的运动空气形成的,因此在湍流的空气中,机翼的一部分或全部会收缩(塌陷)。被称为“主动飞行”的飞行员技术将**降低通气或坍塌的频率和严重性。这种通缩通常无需飞行员干预即可恢复。如果发生严重的放气,正确的飞行员输入将加快从放气中恢复的速度,但是错误的飞行员输入会减慢滑翔机返回正常飞行的速度,因此飞行员必须进行正确的训练和练习以应对放气。
在极少数情况下,无法从通缩中恢复(或从诸如旋转等其他威胁性状况中)恢复过来的情况下,大多数飞行员会携带备用(救援,紧急情况)降落伞。但是,大多数飞行员从来没有理由“扔”他们的储备。如果机翼在低空发生放气,即在起飞后不久或着陆前不久,机翼(滑翔伞)可能无法迅速恢复其正确的结构以防止发生,飞行员通常没有足够的剩余高度来部署后备力量降落伞[**小降落高度大约为60 m(200 ft),但通常在稳定期使用120-180 m(390-590 ft)的高度进行典型部署]。备用降落伞的不同包装方式会影响其部署时间。
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在亚洲,日本、韩国、中国的中国台湾省等经济发达国家和地区的滑翔伞运动十分普及,爱好者达十多万人。20世纪80年代末,滑翔伞运动传入中国大陆并迅速发展, 现注册的航空俱乐部有50多个,正式会员1400多人,经常从事滑翔伞飞行者达数千人,在中国东北、长三角、珠三角长期有民间高手飞行,随着滑翔伞运动的逐渐普及,包括央视在内的很多电视媒体都对这一运动进行过专题报道。 滑翔伞通常主要由翼型伞衣、伞绳、背带系统和操纵系统四大部分组成。为便于滑翔伞的保管、携带与运输,每具滑翔伞还配有一只背式包装袋。 翼型伞衣,也称伞翼,是滑翔伞产生升力和承受载荷的主要部件。伞衣的形状、面积以及与气流相...